This is a standard grouping problem, see the faq,
having found the group you just want to count the number of elements in
it.
Using keys that would be
<xsl:key name="c" match="c" use="."/>
<xsl:template match="root">
<xsl:apply-templates select="a/b/c[generate-id(.)=generate-id(key('c',.))]"/>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="c">
<xsl:value-of select="."/> occurs
<xsl:value-of select="count(key('c',.))"/> time
</xsl:template>
David
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